LB /S'JZ 



/ V 



Device Series, No. 1. 



THE 



BLACKBOARD CLOCK, 



Device 



Desk Book For The Primary Teacher, 



For teaching pupils in First Year and Kindergarten Grades ho^v to 
tell the time of day by the clock, 



And Time Drill. 

BY 

iY4 M'i'ii©m« 



\ 



copyright, 1892, 

by 
EVA ALDRICH. 



J(fatvre is tl]e vqly "perfect 
Teacher, ^e alone succeeds in 
the art who follows ^er precepts. 



CO HOW TO MA.KB THE BLACKBOARD CLOCK. 

Draw ii circle, about a foot iu di- piece of pastboard. cut round, for a 

^^n;;^ araeter, on the blackboard, in a con- washer. 

^o venient place where it ma}' remain. Exercise care to have the minute 

^ Place a dot in the center. Inside hand lon;^ enough- to reach exactly to 

^ the circle place the figures, hour and the minute spaces, and the hour 

minute marks as you have them on hand to the hour figures only, 
the face of your watch or clock. The cUjck is thus made ready for 

If the clock is to be made on a use, though it will be made more at- 

woodeu blackboard it will be best to tractive by drawing lines representing 

have slips cut from tin for the hour a case about the face in colored cray- 

and minute hands, and fastened to on. A. smooth board having the 

the center of the ttu-.a with a slender dimensions of twelve by twenty 

. c.ew; but if the board is of hard inches, or ther^^about, may be painted 

finish, and a screw of any kind will and prepared to represent a clock, 
not answer, the next best plan will An old clock with a worn out 

be to cut the hands from hard, white movement anwers still better for the 

p:\stboard and fasten them in place purpose than the blackboard clock, 
by means of a long pin, using a hard 



TEACH THE PUPILS HOW TO TBLl. THE TIME 

First, — Teach the pupils to count utes make an hour, 
to sixty. Review by careful questioning that 

Develop the idea of, and teach the which was done at previous exercis- 

pupils to write the Roman and Ara- es. 
bic numbers to twelve inclusive. Develop all idea.s as far as possible 

Teach the pupils that sixty min- by questioning the pupils. 



Tell the Pupils That: 

The little spaces around the face The figures are named hours. 

of the clock are named minutes. The little hand is the hour hand 

The big hand is the minute hand and it points out the kour.^. 

and it counts the minutes. The minute hand reaches clear to 

There are sixty little minutes to the minutes, and the hour hand 

around the face of the clock which touches only the hours, 
the minute hand has to count. 



Teach The Hour. 

When the hour hand points to fig- The)- never go backward, 

ure 1, it is one o'clock. They always start away from 

When the hour hand points to home and go around back home 

figure 2, it is two o'clock. again. 

When the hour hand points to They always get home together at 

figure 3, it is three o'clock, etc. dinner time, that is, twelve o'clock. 

Twelve is the home hour. and again in the middle of the night, 

It is where the two hands live, yet midniofht, or twelve o'clock again, 
they are always going. 

Exercise I. 

Send a pupil to tiie blackboard Let pupils count the minutes, by 

clock with a pointer; have him point turns, each commencing where the 

to one o'clock, two o'clock, etc. one preceeding him left off, always 

Let others do the same, but do following the course of the hands of 

not continue till the attention of the a clock, 
class wavers . 



Tell the Pupils That: 

It is not our work to do the point- right way. They never go the wrong 

ing nor the counting. The hour and way. The minute hand goes all the 

minute hands on the face of a clock way around, counts all the minutes 

always do that to tell us what time it and gets back home while the hour 

is. hand goes to only one figure, and 

The minute hand counts the min- then we know it is one o'clock, be- 

utes, and the hour hand points to the cause the hour hand is pointing to it. 

hours. The minute hand gets home just at 

When the hour hand points to 1, the same time that the hour hand 

it is one o'clock. points to any hour 

When the hour hand points to 2, There are twelve hours on the face 

it is two o'clock, etc. of the clock. 

Let, us play it is dinnertime. It takes the hour hand a long time, 

The hour and minute hands are home twelve hours, to get home, but the 

together, ready to start out and go minute hand gets home as soon as it 

around again. They are always counts the miuutes all round the face 

ready to go and they always go the of the clock. 

Exercise II. 

The teacher places the hands, each the twelve o'clock, or home hour, 

time stopping the hour hand at the and having the pupils tell what time 

right hour, and the minute hand at it is, individualU'. 



Exercise III. 

Send a pupil to the board; let him attention, 

as the teacher dictates, make it one Drill until the pupils all see that 

o'clock, two o'clock, etc. Let others the minute hand goes all the wa}' 

do the same. Never continue for a around every time the hour hand goes 

minute with fla'.(ging interest and from one hour to another. 



Teach The Half Past. 

Tell the pupils:— When the hour has countud half the minutes and is 
hand gets past a number, half way to half way home, 
the next number, the minute hand 



Exercisa IV. 

Place the hands, at the half past Let pupils place the hands at the 
marks, and let pupils tell individual- half past marks as the teacher dic- 
ly what time it is. tates. 

The Quarter Hour. 

Develop the quarter past and quar- Combine the hour, half hour and 
ter of by the same devices used for quartc^r hour exercises, 
developing the half past. 

The Minutes. 

The minutes past and minutes of pils. 
may be taught by various msthorls, Many exercises may be devised by 

according to the ability of the pn- the teacher besides these here given. 

Show The Pupils That: 

The minute hand counts all the times as fast as the hour hand, 
minutes while the hour hand goes The minute hand couuts twelve 

from one hour to another. minutes while (he hour hand is going 

The minute hand goes twelve past one minute. 

Exercise V. 

Play it is diimer time, and the two did not say anything about the min- 

hands are home together again, but utu nor even point at it because it 

they cannot stop, for it is their duty never does do that. It just went 

to always keep going. past twelve, the home hour, and then 

Now we find the hour hand has past one minute, 
gone past just one minute. It 



What did the minute hand do? ute hjmd tell us that it is? 

It couated twelve minutes. It tells us that it is twelve minutes 

Then what time does the big min- after, or past twelve, 

Show The Pupils That: 

The minute hand gets home twelve it shows the lime, or minutes past an 

times as often as the hour hand. hour. 

The minute hand starts from home The number of minutes from the 

just when the hour hand starts frou minute hand around to home again is 

an hour. what the minute hand will have to 

The number of minutes from home count each time, and it shows the 

to the minute hand i.s what the min- time or minuter to an hour, or of an 

ute hand has counted each time, and hour. 



Exercise VI 



Drill in placing iiaii.ls for pupils to 
tell th.i time. 



Di(!tat3 for pupils to place hand.s. 



One of the main objects of time 
drill in the schoolroom is to aid in ef- 
fecting order. 



MI30BLLA.N3OUS DRILL. 

t icing ihc natural scale in music. 
Practicing kindergarten plays in 



Decorum acquired from lime drills 
in the schoolroom ch iracterize pu- 
pils on the streets, in public m jet- 
ings, and in society everywhere. 

The following time drills nvxi very 
beneficial: Exercises in timing pupils' 
work and plays. 

Training pupils to keep time to 
martial music by beating stepping or 
other movements. 

One that little ones particularly 
enjoy is to hipily-hop in time to mar- 
tial music. 

Any exercises in stepping, beating 
or counting time. 

Beating the measures while prac- 



time to music or siugino-. 

Thorough training in school tactics. 
All school tactics lend toward devel- 
oping the faculty, time. For this 
reason tbe teacher c.innot be too zeal- 
ous in training it. 

Teaching the time table: 
GO seconds make a minute, 
60 minutes make an hour, 
24 hours make a day (and 

night), 

7 days make a week, 
4 weeks make a month, 
12 months make a year, 
100 years make a century. 

Guessing time, as: — 

liCtting pupils guess the time, at 
any hour. 



Lt'tting pupils close their eyes for 
a short period, and afterward guess- 
ing how long a time it was. 

Letting pupils guess how long it 
took theni to write or recite a certain 
lesson or to do a certain thing. 

lleroUection of time as: — 

Having pupils recall the hour, da-)-, 
week, month or season any event 
with which they are familiar occurred. 

Having pupils recall the length of 
time that transpired between one 
event and another. 

.Memorizing time, as: — 

Re(juiring them to remember the 
lime or d:it;'? certain events are to 
take pl:ic.' 

Requiring them to n'mcml)er :ip- 
pf)intments. 

Measuring tiine^ as — 

Ijetting pupils hold their breatii 
while they chip their hands one time, 
two time.'!, three times, etc.. .is far 
as they can. 

Letting p'.^pils give a crrtMiii sound 
while teacher holds up |)enc-il :) cr- 
tain number of seconds. 

Sun time : — 

The sun rises in the east. 

When the sun rises it is morning. 

When the sun shines in at the east 
windows it is forenoon. 

When the sun shines strait in at 
the south windows it is noon. 

When the sun shines strait down 
on you, so that 3(>ur shadow is right 
around ^our feet, it is noon. 

When the sua shines in at the west 
windows it is afternoon. 

The sun sets in the west. 

When the sun sets it is evening. 

Teach the abbreviations, A, M., 



M. and P. M. 

How often, At times: — 

How often does the sun rise in a 
day? in two days? in a week? etc. 
How often does it rain. How often 
do we go to school in a da\? in a 
Reek? e'lC. How often does your 
birthday come? and like questions. 

Ages of persons: — 

Let pupiis tell the dates of their 
birthdays, thtir parents" birthda\'s, or 
dates of the birthdays of brothers, 
sisters oi' fiiends. 

In some some way take special no- 
tice of, or celebrate the birthdays of 
pupiU when they occur during school 
months. 

Celebrate in some waj- also the 
birthda^s of the most noted men and 
women. 

Speed: — 

Stepping, beating or other move- 
metit.', meaured: slow, fast. 

]*r..c-tice exactness of time, puiict- 
UMJity. yourself; children learii more 
by example than by prerept. 

Require it always of your pupils. 
Teach them that "Procrastination is 
the tiiief of time. "" 

Teach tile pupils to regard the 
clock as a true companion. 

Songs: — 

Time songs and clock, songs. The 
time drill in music cannot be over 
done so long as the interest of the 
pupils is awakened. 

Record of time:^ 

Require the noting of dates at the 
beginning of written exercises. 

Train pupils to carry the daj' of 



10 



the raontli, and year, A. D. 

Teach the abbreviation A. D. and 
its meaning. 

Economy of time: — 

Train pupils to economize time, by 
doing everything the best way and 
and the shortest. 

Vigileuce: — 

Allow pupils to now and then 
watch the clock and rise when the 
hands indicate a certain hour. 



Chronology: — 

Let pupils write or give the order 
of events that occurred during a cer- 
tain period of time with which they 
are familiar. 

Order: — 

Have certain days for doing cer- 
tain things. 

Have regular hours for regular rec- 
itations, exercises, etc. 



SPECIFIED TIME. 

Connect with stories and songs. 

Days Of The Week. 

Sunday, the day of devotion and Thursday, 

rest, the Sabbatli. Friday, the last school day of the 

Monday, w.'ish day, find first week, 

school d:iy in the week. Saturday, the last day of the week, 

Tuesday, ironing day. and tl)e day on which we prepare for 

Wednesday, baking day. Sunday. 



Months. 



Winter, — January, 
February ; 

Spring, — March, 
April, 
May; 

Summer, — June, 



Fall,- 



Winter,- 



July, 

August; 

September, 

October, 

November; 

-December. 



Seasons. 

Winter is the season of the year Summer is the season when all 

when the ground is white with snow. plants grow. 

Spring is the season when the Fall, or autumn is the season when 

snow melts off and the birds conae. the leaves turn, and fall. 

Holidays. 
Fixed and movable. 



Newyear's Day, January 1. 



St. Valentine's day, February 14. 



11 



Ivist-r Sundiiy. Christmas Da} , December 25, the 

Di'cdnition Da}-, INIay oO. birthday of Christ. 

lii.lL'i)eiuleiiee Day, July 4. The leg«l holidays of the state in 

'rhanlisgiving Day, which you live. 

Important days, — iVrbor Day, etc. 



